Pip stands for "Point In Percentage" and represents the smallest unit of exchange rate in large financial markets like forex. One pip is one ten-thousandth of the price of a currency pair, typically indicated by the fourth decimal place. The fifth digit is called a pipette but is not used for profit and loss calculations. There is an exception in the USD/JPY currency pair, where the pip is the second digit after the decimal.
Pips are a reliable way to assess trading profits, allowing traders to accurately quantify even small price changes. For instance, if the EUR/USD currency pair's price changes from 1.0001 to 1.0009, it has increased by eight pips. The trading capital and the transaction volume determine the value of each pip. For one lot in forex (capital $100,000), the approximate value of each pip is $10.